"Data for Vico et al (2026) Functionally rich crop rotations increase calorie and macronutrient outputs across Europe, Nature Food"
"macronutrients_wholerotaggr.csv - Description of columns"
" "
"Description of whole rotation data, averaged across groups (i.e., replicates/other, non rotation treatments)"
"Includes only long-term experiments Bologna, Padova, Perugia"
" "
"Description of columns"
"col country: country in which the LTE is located"
"col site: name of the LTE "
"col lte: LTE code"
"col year: year to which the record refer"
"col time: time elapsed from the beginning of the experiment/unchanged rotation, starting with 0"
"col group: this variable is set to -1 because replicates/other treatments are averaged"
"col rot: rotation ID, combining the site name and a number relative to the local rotation"
"col seq: sequence of crops included in the rotation"
"col fert: levels of fertilization included in the experiment and hence averaging - none, low, high, very high, avg etc"
"col org: levels of organic fertilization included in the experiment and hence averaging (y/n"
"col wminN: whole rotation mineral N input per year, weighted by crop frequency in the rotation (kg/(ha yr))"
"col woN: whole rotation organic N input per year, weighted by crop frequency in the rotation (kg/(ha yr))"
"col rotduration: duration of the rotation (years)"
"col FR: functional richness, separating cereal monocultures and cereal only rotations (1M and 1C respectively)"
"col FR_ley: functional richness, with indication of the presence/absence of ley in the rotation"
"col totspeciesnum: number of species in the rotation"
"col cerealnum: number of cereal species in the rotation"
"col cerealdur: number of years in the rotation with cereals"
"col leynum: number of ley types in the rotation, where types is mixture or monoculture; in most cases, it is 0 (=no ley) or 1 (=ley is present)"
"col leydur: number of years in the rotation with ley"
"col legumenum: number of legume species in the rotation"
"col legumedur: number of years in the rotation with legume"
"col broadleafnum: number of broadleaf species (e.g., oil or root crop) in the rotation"
"col broadleafdur: number of years in the rotation with broadleaves"
"col typecrop: functional types of crop included in the rotation "
"col typediet: dietary types of crop included"
"col n: number of observations over which averages and standard deviations are calculated; corresponds to the number of combinations of replicates and non-rotational treatments"
"col wcal_M.av: average calories produced in the year by the whole rotation over 1 ha, assuming forage is used for milk (Gcal/ha/yr); average calculated across replicates non-rotational treatments"
"col wcarb_M.av: average carbohydrates produced in the year by the whole rotation over 1 ha, assuming forage is used for milk (kg/ha/yr); average calculated across replicates non-rotational treatments"
"col wprot_M.av: average proteins produced in the year by the whole rotation over 1 ha, assuming forage is used for milk (kg/ha/yr); average calculated across replicates non-rotational treatments"
"col wfat_M.av: average fats produced in the year by the whole rotation over 1 ha, assuming forage is used for milk (kg/ha/yr); average calculated across replicates non-rotational treatments"
"col wcal_M.std: standard deviation of calories produced in the year by the whole rotation over 1 ha, assuming forage is used for milk (Gcal/ha/yr); standard deviation calculated across replicates non-rotational treatments"
"col wcarb_M.std: standard deviation carbohydrates produced in the year by the whole rotation over 1 ha, assuming forage is used for milk (kg/ha/yr); standard deviation calculated across replicates non-rotational treatments"
"col wprot_M.std: standard deviation proteins produced in the year by the whole rotation over 1 ha, assuming forage is used for milk (kg/ha/yr); standard deviation calculated across replicates non-rotational treatments"
"col wfat_M.std: standard deviation fats produced in the year by the whole rotation over 1 ha, assuming forage is used for milk (kg/ha/yr); standard deviation calculated across replicates non-rotational treatments"
"col wcal_B.av: calories produced in the year by the whole rotation over 1 ha, assuming forage is used for beef (Gcal/ha/yr); average calculated across replicates non-rotational treatments"
"col wcarb_B.av: average carbohydrates produced in the year by the whole rotation over 1 ha, assuming forage is used for beef (kg/ha/yr); average calculated across replicates non-rotational treatments"
"col wprot_B.av: average proteins produced in the year by the whole rotation over 1 ha, assuming forage is used for beef (kg/ha/yr); average calculated across replicates non-rotational treatments"
"col wfat_B.av: average fats produced in the yearby the whole rotation over 1 ha, assuming forage is used for beef (kg/ha/yr); average calculated across replicates non-rotational treatments"
"col wcal_B.std: standard deviation of calories produced in the yearby the whole rotation over 1 ha, assuming forage is used for beef (Gcal/ha/yr); standard deviation calculated across replicates non-rotational treatments"
"col wcarb_B.std: standard deviation carbohydrates produced in the yearby the whole rotation over 1 ha, assuming forage is used for beef (kg/ha/yr); standard deviation calculated across replicates non-rotational treatments"
"col wprot_B.std: standard deviation proteins produced in the yearby the whole rotation over 1 ha, assuming forage is used for beef (kg/ha/yr); standard deviation calculated across replicates non-rotational treatments"
"col wfat_B.std: standard deviation fats produced in the yearby the whole rotation over 1 ha, assuming forage is used for beef (kg/ha/yr); standard deviation calculated across replicates non-rotational treatments"
"col wcal_F.av: average calories produced per year by the whole rotation over 1 ha, assuming forage is used for biofuel (Gcal/ha/yr); average calculated across replicates non-rotational treatments"
"col wcarb_F.av: average carbohydrates produced in the yearby the whole rotation over 1 ha, assuming forage is used for biofuel (kg/ha/yr); average calculated across replicates non-rotational treatments"
"col wprot_F.av: average proteins produced in the yearby the whole rotation over 1 ha, assuming forage is used for biofuel (kg/ha/yr); average calculated across replicates non-rotational treatments"
"col wfat_F.av: average fats produced in the yearby the whole rotation over 1 ha, assuming forage is used for biofuel (kg/ha/yr); average calculated across replicates non-rotational treatments"
"col wcal_F.std: standard deviation of calories produced in the yearby the whole rotation over 1 ha, assuming forage is used for fuel (Gcal/ha/yr); standard deviation calculated across replicates non-rotational treatments"
"col wcarb_F.std: standard deviation carbohydrates produced in the yearby the whole rotation over 1 ha, assuming forage is used for fuel (kg/ha/yr); standard deviation calculated across replicates non-rotational treatments"
"col wprot_F.std: standard deviation proteins produced in the yearby the whole rotation over 1 ha, assuming forage is used for fuel (kg/ha/yr); standard deviation calculated across replicates non-rotational treatments"
"col wfat_F.std: standard deviation fats produced in the yearby the whole rotation over 1 ha, assuming forage is used for fuel (kg/ha/yr); standard deviation calculated across replicates non-rotational treatments"
