Question Options Variable name 1. Sex of the respondent 1. Female q1_respsex 2. Male 2. Age of respondent (in years) q2_respage Age category (years) 1. 21-30 respagecategory 2. 31-40 3. 41-50 4. 51-60 5. 61-70 6. 71-80 7. 81-90 Age category 2 (years) larger groups 1. 21-40 respagecategory_2 2. 41-60 3. >60 3. What is your main role in the shop? 1. Owner q3_mainrole 2. Spouse of the owner 3. Child of the owner 4. Employee 5. Other (specify) q3_mainroleother 4. For how long have you worked in a veterinary drug shop? (years) q4_howlong How long have you worked category (years) 1. 0-10 howlongcategory 2. 11-20 3. >20 5. How many staff does the shop have? (number) q5_nrstaff 6. What education level do you have? 1. Never went to school q6_respedu 2. Primary school 3. Secondary school 4. High school 5. Vocational training 6. College/University 7. Higher education (e.g. Master, PhD) Education level merged secondary + vocational, college/university + higher education 1. Secondary school or vocational training respedu_merged 2. College/University or Higher education (e.g. Master, PhD) 7. if you have a vocational training/college/university education, in which subject area(s)? (Free text) blank=no answer q7_subjectarea Subject area category 1. Veterinary education blank=no answer q7_subjectcategory 2. Other 8. Do you have any training or education in animal diseases and treatment? 1. Yes q8_edudis 2. No 9. If Yes to 8, how long (days or weeks) and by whom (public/private/NGOs etc.)? (Free text) blank=no answer q9_edudis_where Animal disease training provider category 1. sub-DAH blank=no answer q9_edudis_where_cat 2. District veterinary station 3. Drug company 4. Other 10. How do you define antibiotics? (Free text) q10_defineab Antibiotic definition category 1. Disease treatment (not specified) q10_defineab_cat 2. Bacterial disease treatment 11. Do you have any specialized training/education in antibiotic mechanisms and antibiotic treatment recommendations? 1. Yes q11_eduab 2. No 12. If Yes to 11, how long (days or weeks) and by whom (public/private/NGOs etc.)? (Free text) blank=no answer q12_eduab_where Antibiotics training provider category 1. sub-DAH blank=no answer q12_eduab_where_cat 2. District veterinary station 3. Drug company 4. Other 13. Do you have any education in Vietnamese regulations regarding veterinary antibiotic use and sales? 1. Yes q13_edureg 2. No 14. If Yes to 13, how long (days or weeks) and by whom (public/private/NGOs etc.)? (Free text) blank=no answer q14_edureg_where Regulations training provider category 1. sub-DAH blank=no answer q14_edureg_where_cat 2. District veterinary station 3. Other 15. Have you heard about antimicrobial/antibiotic resistance? 1. Yes q15_heardamr 2. No 16. If Yes to 15, how do you define antimicrobial/antibiotic resistance? (Free text) blank=no answer q16_defineamr 17. What livestock species are the most commonly owned by the farmers that come to your shop (not pets)? (up to 3 can be chosen) 1. Chickens/hens 1=yes blank=no q17_common_chick 2. Other poultry 1=yes blank=no q17_common_otherpoultry 3. Pigs 1=yes blank=no q17_common_pigs 4. Cattle 1=yes blank=no q17_common_cattle 5. Small ruminants 1=yes blank=no q17_common_small 6. Other    1=yes blank=no q17_common_other 18. Does your family also have some livestock? 1. Yes q18_familylivestock 2. No 19. If Yes to 18, what kind of livestock do you keep (not pets)? (multiple choice)  1. Chickens/hens 1=yes blank=no q19_famlive_chick 2. Other poultry 1=yes blank=no q19_famlive_otherpoultry 3. Pigs 1=yes blank=no q19_famlive_pigs 4. Cattle 1=yes blank=no q19_famlive_cattle 5. Small ruminants 1=yes blank=no q19_famlive_small 6. Other 1=yes blank=no q19_famlive_other 20. When farmers come to buy antibiotics in your shop, on who’s initiative do they usually come? 1. Their own initiative q20_initiative 2. After recommendation from a veterinarian (governmental or private) 3. After recommendation from other 21. Have farmers that come to you to buy antibiotics had their animals examined by an animal health professional (e.g. veterinarian, animal health worker)? 1. Always q21_examined 2. Mostly 3. Sometimes 4. Seldom 5. Never 6. I don’t know 22. Do you ask for a veterinary prescription before selling antibiotics to farmers? 1. Always q22_askprescription 2. Mostly 3. Sometimes 4. Seldom 5. Never 23. Do the farmers that want to buy antibiotics bring a veterinary prescription? 1. Always q23_bringprescription 2. Mostly 3. Sometimes 4. Seldom 5. Never 24. When recommending an antibiotic to a farmer that asks for advice regarding treatment of sick animals, which factors do you mainly consider? (up to 3 can be chosen) 1. Preference of the farmer 1=yes blank=no q24_rec_preference 2. Price 1=yes blank=no q24_rec_price 3. That the antibiotic should have a broad treatment spectrum 1=yes blank=no q24_rec_broad 4. That the antibiotic should have an as narrow treatment spectrum as possible 1=yes blank=no q24_rec_narrow 5. Administration route (e.g. mixed in feed, injection, tablets) 1=yes blank=no q24_rec_admin 6. Treatment recommendations for the particular disease 1=yes blank=no q24_rec_disease 7. What you have most in stock 1=yes blank=no q24_rec_stock 8. The antibiotic not being critically important for human use 1=yes blank=no q24_rec_human 9. What has the shortest expiry date 1=yes blank=no q24_rec_expiry 10. Previous feedback from farmers on effectiveness 1=yes blank=no q24_rec_effective 11. Other (specify) 1=yes blank=no q24_rec_other q24_rec_otherfree 25. Do you give the farmer advice on how to use and handle the antibiotics? 1. Yes, mostly q25_adviceuse 2. Sometimes 3. No 26. If Yes or Sometimes to 25, which kind of advice? (multiple choice) 1. Preparation of the drug (e.g. mixing it with feed or water, preparing injections) 1=yes blank=no q26_advice_prep 2. Administration procedure (i.e. how to give the antibiotic) 1=yes blank=no q26_advice_admin 3. Treatment length 1=yes blank=no q26_advice_length 4. When to stop treatment (e.g. if adverse effects occur) 1=yes blank=no q26_advice_stop 5. Withdrawal times (i.e. the time you should wait before consuming products like eggs, milk and meat from the treated animal(s)) 1=yes blank=no q26_advice_withdraw 6. Dosage 1=yes blank=no q26_advice_dose 7. Handling of leftover antibiotics 1=yes blank=no q26_advice_leftover 8. Which animals to treat (e.g. only the sick animals, the whole flock, in contact animals) 1=yes blank=no q26_advice_which 9. Other (specify) 1=yes blank=no q26_advice_other 27. If you give advice regarding treatment length, what do you usually recommend (when treating the disease for the first time)?  1. What is stated on the package q27_reclength 2. What is recommended by veterinary professionals 3. To treat until the animal(s) begin to recover 4. To treat until the animal(s) completely cured 5. Other (specify) blank=no answer q27_reclength_other 28. If you give advice regarding treatment dosage, what do you usually recommend (when treating the disease for the first time)? 1. What is stated on the package q28_recdose 2. What is recommended by veterinary professionals 3. A higher dose than what is stated on the package/recommended 4. A lower dose than what is stated on the package/recommended 5. Other (specify) blank=no answer q28_recdose_other 29. For which purposes do you recommend antibiotics to farmers? (multiple choice) 1. To treat sick animals 1=yes blank=no q29_purpose_treat 2. To prevent animals from becoming sick 1=yes blank=no q29_purpose_prevent 3. To make animals grow faster/better 1=yes blank=no q29_purpose_grow 4. Other (specify) 1=yes blank=no q29_purpose_other 30. Do you keep records of antibiotics sold at your shop? 1. Yes q30_records 2. No 31. From where do you most commonly buy the antibiotics sold in your shop? 1. Other veterinary drug shop q31_buyab 2. Drug company 3. Drug wholesaler 4. Other (specify) 32. What drug category is the most sold in your shop? (single choice) 1. Antibiotics q32_mostsold 2. Anthelmintics 3. Anti-inflammatory drugs 4. Vitamins and probiotics 5. Ectoparasiticides 6. Vaccines 7. I don’t know 8. Other (specify) blank=no answer q32_mostsold_other 33. Which are the most commonly sold antibiotics in your shop? (up to 3 can be chosen) 1. Tetracyclines (e.g. doxycycline, tetracycline) 1=yes blank=no q33_mostsoldab_tetra 2. Macrolides (e.g. tylosin, erythromycin) 1=yes blank=no q33_mostsoldab_macro 3. Penicillins (e.g. amoxicillin, ampicillin) 1=yes blank=no q33_mostsoldab_peni 4. Quinolones (e.g. enrofloxacin, norfloxacin) 1=yes blank=no q33_mostsoldab_quino 5. Trimethoprim/Sulphonamides (e.g. trimethoprim-sulfadiazine, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole) 1=yes blank=no q33_mostsoldab_trimsulph 6. Polypeptides (e.g. colistin) 1=yes blank=no q33_mostsoldab_poly 7. 3rd or 4th generation Cephalosporins (e.g. ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftiofur) 1=yes blank=no q33_mostsoldab_34ceph 8. 1st to 2nd generation Cephalosporins (e.g. cefazolin) 1=yes blank=no q33_mostsoldab_12ceph 9. Aminoglycosides (e.g. gentamycin, streptomycin) 1=yes blank=no q33_mostsoldab_amino 10. Amphenicols (e.g. florfenicol, chloramphenicol) 1=yes blank=no q33_mostsoldab_amph 11. Free text if you only know trade name or other antibiotic is more common   1=yes blank=no q33_mostsoldab_other 34. Which are the most commonly sold antibiotics to poultry farmers in your shop? (up to 3 can be chosen) 1. Tetracyclines (e.g. doxycycline, tetracycline) 1=yes blank=no q34_abpoultry_tetra 2. Macrolides (e.g. tylosin, erythromycin) 1=yes blank=no q34_abpoultry_macro 3. Penicillins (e.g. amoxicillin, ampicillin) 1=yes blank=no q34_abpoultry_peni 4. Quinolones (e.g. enrofloxacin, norfloxacin) 1=yes blank=no q34_abpoultry_quino 5. Trimethoprim/Sulphonamides (e.g. trimethoprim-sulfadiazine, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole) 1=yes blank=no q34_abpoultry_trimsulph 6. Polypeptides (e.g. colistin) 1=yes blank=no q34_abpoultry_poly 7. 3rd or 4th generation Cephalosporins (e.g. ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftiofur) 1=yes blank=no q34_abpoultry_34ceph 8. 1st to 2nd generation Cephalosporins (e.g. cefazolin) 1=yes blank=no q34_abpoultry_12ceph 9. Aminoglycosides (e.g. gentamycin, streptomycin) 1=yes blank=no q34_abpoultry_amino 10. Amphenicols (e.g. florfenicol, chloramphenicol) 1=yes blank=no q34_abpoultry_amph 11. Free text if you only know trade name or other antibiotic is more common   1=yes blank=no q34_abpoultry_other 35. Which antibiotic do you most commonly recommend to a poultry farmer with birds that show intestinal/digestive disease signs? (single choice) 1. Tetracyclines (e.g. doxycycline, tetracycline) q35_recab_intest 2. Macrolides (e.g. tylosin, erythromycin) 3. Penicillins (e.g. amoxicillin, ampicillin) 4. Quinolones (e.g. enrofloxacin, norfloxacin) 5. Trimethoprim/Sulphonamides (e.g. trimethoprim-sulfadiazine, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole) 6. Polypeptides (e.g. colistin) 7. 3rd or 4th generation Cephalosporins (e.g. ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftiofur) 8. 1st to 2nd generation Cephalosporins (e.g. cefazolin) 9. Aminoglycosides (e.g. gentamycin, streptomycin) 10. Amphenicols (e.g. florfenicol, chloramphenicol) 11. Free text if you only know trade name or other antibiotic is more common   36. Which antibiotic do you most commonly recommend to a poultry farmer with birds that show respiratory disease signs? (single choice) 1. Tetracyclines (e.g. doxycycline, tetracycline) q36_recab_resp 2. Macrolides (e.g. tylosin, erythromycin) 3. Penicillins (e.g. amoxicillin, ampicillin) 4. Quinolones (e.g. enrofloxacin, norfloxacin) 5. Trimethoprim/Sulphonamides (e.g. trimethoprim-sulfadiazine, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole) 6. Polypeptides (e.g. colistin) 7. 3rd or 4th generation Cephalosporins (e.g. ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftiofur) 8. 1st to 2nd generation Cephalosporins (e.g. cefazolin) 9. Aminoglycosides (e.g. gentamycin, streptomycin) 10. Amphenicols (e.g. florfenicol, chloramphenicol) 11. Free text if you only know trade name or other antibiotic is more common   37. Can buyers of antibiotics pick them themselves from the store shelves? 1. Yes q37_pick 2. No, they have to ask me to get them from behind the counter 39. If you would estimate, how many farmers that buy antibiotics from you to treat sick animals come back and say that the treatment did not work? 1. None q39_notwork 2. <25% 3. 25-50% 4. 50-75% 5. >75% 40. What do you usually recommend when an antibiotic treatment is not effective? 1. To continue with treatment longer q40_recnotwork 2. To increase the dose 3. To switch to another antibiotic 4. To combine the treatment with another antibiotic 5. To switch to a non-antibiotic medicine 6. To switch to traditional medicine, e.g. herbs, medicinal plants 7. To call a veterinarian (governmental/private) or animal health worker for advice 8. To slaughter the sick animals 9. Other (specify) blank=no answer q40_recnotwork_other 41. If you know about antibiotic resistance, do you inform farmers about the risk for/with resistance development? 1. Yes, often q41_informamr 2. Sometimes 3. No 42. What do you usually do with expired/leftover veterinary antibiotics? (single choice) 1. Throw in the trash/latrine q42_expired 2. Send for hazard destruction 3. Sell to farmers at a cheaper price 4. Return to drug company/wholesaler 5. I have never experienced expired drugs 6. Other (specify) blank=no answer q42_expired_other Classification correct/incorrect 43. What are antibiotics supposed to be used for? (single choice) 1. Prevent animals from becoming sick Incorrect q43_absuppuse 2. Treat sick animals Correct 3. Make animals grow faster/better Incorrect 4. Prevent animals from becoming sick and make animals grow faster/better Incorrect 5. Prevent animals from becoming sick and treat sick animals Incorrect 6. Treat sick animals and make animals grow faster/better Incorrect 7. Prevent animals from becoming sick, treat sick animals and to make animals grow faster/better Incorrect 44. Do you think that the following statements are true or false? a) Antibiotics can treat all kinds of diseases 1. True Incorrect q44_alldis 2. False Correct 3. Unsure Incorrect b) Antibiotics can treat diseases caused by viruses 1. True Incorrect q44_viraldis 2. False Correct 3. Unsure Incorrect c) Antibiotics can treat diseases caused by bacteria 1. True Correct q44_bactdis 2. False Incorrect 3. Unsure Incorrect d) Antibiotics are the same as anti-inflammatory drugs 1. True Incorrect q44_antiinflam 2. False Correct 3. Unsure Incorrect e) Animals can become resistant to antibiotics if antibiotics are used in the wrong way/too often 1. True Incorrect q44_anires 2. False Correct 3. Unsure Incorrect f) Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics if used in the wrong way/too often 1. True Correct q44_bactres 2. False Incorrect 3. Unsure Incorrect g) Viruses can become resistant to antibiotics if used in the wrong way/too often 1. True Incorrect q44_virres 2. False Correct 3. Unsure Incorrect h) Resistance against antibiotics can make it more difficult to succeed with antibiotic treatment in animals when they get sick 1. True Correct q44_succeed 2. False Incorrect 3. Unsure Incorrect i) Bacteria resistant to antibiotics can spread from one animal to another 1. True Correct q44_spreadani 2. False Incorrect 3. Unsure Incorrect j) Bacteria resistant to antibiotics can spread between animals and humans 1. True Correct q44_spreadhum 2. False Incorrect 3. Unsure Incorrect k) Bacteria resistant to antibiotics can spread from animals to humans through animal source foods, e.g. meat 1. True Correct q44_spreadasf 2. False Incorrect 3. Unsure Incorrect l) Leftovers of the antibiotic can be transferred to meat, milk or eggs 1. True Correct q44_leftover 2. False Incorrect 3. Unsure Incorrect m) Bacteria resistant to antibiotics can spread through manure from animals 1. True Correct q44_spreadmanure 2. False Incorrect 3. Unsure Incorrect n) Antibiotic resistance in human bacteria is only linked to the use of antibiotics in humans and not in animals 1. True Incorrect q44_amramu 2. False Correct 3. Unsure Incorrect Number correct answers for knowledge questions nrcorr_know Percent correct answers for knowledge questions (%) prcorr_know Percent correct answers categorized 1. >40 - 60% prcorr_cat 2. >60 - 80% 3. >80% 45. Questionnaire ID q45_id 46. Date of interview (YYYY-MM-DD) q46_date 47. District shop is located in 1. Dong Hy q47_district 2. Thai Nguyen City 3. Vo Nhai