{"@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Dataset", "@id": "https://doi.org/10.5878/x0z2-ht09", "name": "The CLEO-database: Nine forested headwater streams in Sweden, 1977-2009.", "description": "***The CLEO project database***\n\nThe dataset contains data from the research project 'CLEO - CLimate change and Environmental Objectives'. It's aim was to investigate how climate change affects the ability to meet the environmental goals set for 2020. The project sought to answer the following questions: \"How should the next generation of environmental targets for 2050 be formulated in view of climate change, changes in land use and the disposal of pollutants?\" and \"How should strategies for reducing emissions be developed so that we maximize synergies in order to achieve the environmental targets?\". The project was conducted at SLU starting in 2010 and ending in 2015.  It was financed by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and carried out in collaboration with IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, SMHI Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, and Lund University. The CLEO database was put together by SLU in collaboration with SMHI  and published on SLU's website in 2015. In 2026 the data and documentation for CLEO was moved to Researchdata.se. \n\nTo achieve the goals of CLEO related to runoff chemistry from the Swedish forested landscape, a uniquely comprehensive database of water quality together with supporting climate and catchment information has been created.\n\nAt the center of this database are 9 well-studied forest catchments where the CLEO water quality modelling effort has been focused. The data for these streams was derived from Integrated Monitoring (IM) programme, which is part of SLU's environmental monitoring and assessment.  This has resulted in an ensemble of simulations decades back in time and predictions decades into the future.\n\nFurthermore, a database that includes runoff, chemistry, climate, and associated catchment GIS information has been compiled for another 215 larger catchments from national and regional monitoring programs.\n\nThe information (observed and modelled) of the 9 reference catchments as well as of the 215 larger streams and rivers are made publicly available below.\n\nA detailed overview of all data included in the CLEO-database can be found in the documentation file \"information-to-data.pdf\".\n\nThe file \"translation-table---database.xlsx\" containing explanations for common abbreviations used in the datafiles.\n\nThe data is split into 10 zipped folders.\n\nData for the 9 reference catchments is stored in the folders:\n\n**catchment_information.zip (1.16 MB)**\nThe file contains four files providing information on the nine catchments.\n\n- Map of Sweden.jpg: 84 KB; Map of the location of the 9 sites in Sweden\n- maps-soil-sampling-location-topography.ppt: 918 KB; Maps with information on soil, topography, bedrock, sampling locations from Kindla, Aneboda and G\u00e5rdsj\u00f6n\n- svartberget-catchment.pptx: 559 KB; Maps with information on catchment, vegetation and soil from Svartberget \n- catchment-information---database1.xlsx: 11 KB; Various catchment information for all sites, e. g. program, geographic location, different codes, X, Y, N, E, overview vegetation (partly information in Swedish)\n\n**hydrology.zip (548 KB)**\n- Observed runoff (runoff-for-all-sites---database.xls, 2 Mb)\n\nRunoff observed\nSite, timeperiod:\n\nG\u00e5rdsj\u00f6n F1, 1979 - 2009\nG\u00e5rdsj\u00f6n G2, 1992 - 2005\nBerg (Pipb\u00e4cken Nedre), 1985 - 2008\nAneboda, 1997 - 2008\nStubbetorp (Dammen), 1985 - 1997\nKindla, 1997 - 2008\nSniptj\u00e4rn, 1977 - 1997\nAmmarn\u00e4s skog (Lillb\u00e4cken), 1985 - 2000\nSvartberget, 1981 - 2008\n\n**chemistry.zip (1.28 MB)**\n- Observed stream chemistry (vattenkemi-cleo-prio-1--database.xlsx, 2 Mb)\n\nSite, time period:\n\nG\u00e5rdsj\u00f6n F1, 1989 - 2009\nG\u00e5rdsj\u00f6n G2, 1989 - 2009\nBerg (Pipb\u00e4cken Nedre), 1984 - 2009\nAneboda, 1996 - 2009\nStubbetorp (Dammen), 1983 - 1997\nKindla, 1994 - 2009\nSniptj\u00e4rn, 1976 - 2008\nAmmarn\u00e4s skog (Lillb\u00e4cken), 1984 - 2000\nSvartberget, 1986 \u2013 2009\n\n**climate.zip (56 Mb)**\n- Modelled PTHBV precipitation and temperature (1961-2009) for all sites (precipitation_temperature-pthbv.xlsx, 3 Mb)\n- Daily relative humidity (RH) and wind speed data for all sites from different climate stations (rhwind-speed-cleo-prio1---database.xls, 8 Mb) \n- Daily precipitation, wind speed, global radiation, air temperature, air humidity and wind direction data from 'Mast station' at G\u00e5rdsj\u00f6n, site G\u00e5rdsj\u00f6n F1, G\u00e5rdsj\u00f6n G2 and Aneboda (gardsjon_aneboda-meteorological-data---database.xls, 4,1 Mb)\n- Hourly values of different solar radiation parameters from various climate stations (sol-radiation-files---database.xlsx, 52 Mb) \n\n**deposition.zip (514 Kb)**\n- deposition (deposition_database.xlsx, 528 Kb)\n\nDeposition observed/modelled\nOF = open field deposition, TF = throughfall deposition\n\nSite, frequency, OF time series, TF time series: \n\nMATCH model, annual, - , 2006-2008\nG\u00e5rdsj\u00f6n, annual/monthly, OF 1996-2008, TF 1996-2008\nBerg, monthly, OF 1983-2004\nAneboda, monthly, OF 1983-2008, TF 1996-2005\nKindla, monthly, OF, 1996-2008, TF 1996-2005\nAmmarn\u00e4s, monthly, 1983-2009+1991-2000, TF 1991-2009\nSvartberget, monthly, OF 2002-2007, TF 1983-1997\n\n**soil.zip (2.25 Mb)**\n- Soil/ water temperature, moisture and groundwater level data: Aneboda, Gardsj\u00f6n and Kindla (soil_water-temp_groundwater_streamwater-level---database.xlsx, 1.26 Mb)\n- Soil chemistry data: Aneboda, Kindla and Gardsj\u00f6n file (soil-chemistry-aneboda-kindla-gardsjon_database.xls, 205 Kb)  \n- Soil physics data: Aneboda and Kindla (soil-physics-aneboda-kindla---database1.xls, 89 Kb) \n- Soil water (SW) chemistry data: Aneboda and Kindla (soil-water-chemistry---database.xls, 1 Mb)\n- Ground water (GW) chemistry data: Aneboda and Kindla (ground-water-chemistry---database.xls, 895 Kb)\nDetailed information on SW and GW sampling locations and depths: Aneboda, Kindla and Gardsj\u00f6n (details-to-groundwater-and-soilwater-sampling.doc, 97 Kb) \n\nNote: Soil data files above may contain some inconsistencies\n\nSoil data from the S-transect: Svartberget (1995):\n- Soil parameters and background information of the sampling sites: Svartberget (soil-chemistry-svartberget---database.doc, 126 Kb) \n- Loss on Ignition (s-transect-svartberget---database.xls, 162 Kb) \n- Hydr. Conductivity (hydr-conductivity-svartberg---database.xls, 42 Kb) \n- Particle size distribution (particle-size-svartberget---database.xls, 138 Kb)\n- pF-curve (pf-curve-svartberget---database.xls, 97 Kb)\n\n**litterfall.zip (10 Kb)**\n- Yearly litterfall chemistry data from 1998-2009 for Aneboda and Kindla (litterfall_yearlychemistry----database.xls, 28 Kb)\n\n**vegetation.zip (39.5 Mb)**\nAll files contain a comprehensive explanation of column headings. Years when inventories were carried out are specified. Moreover, Aneboda, G\u00e5rdsj\u00f6n, and Kindla maps are included within the files where data from these catchments are available.\n\n- Algae and lichens on young spruce - Aneboda, G\u00e5rdsj\u00f6n, and Kindla (01algae_and_lichens_on_young_spruce-cleo_database.xlsx, 5.5 Mb)\n- Circular plots: Soil - Aneboda, G\u00e5rdsj\u00f6n, and Kindla (02circular_plots_soil-cleo_database.xlsx, 5.5 Mb) \n- Circular plots: Trees - Ammarn\u00e4s, Aneboda, G\u00e5rdsj\u00f6n, and Kindla (03circular_plots_trees-cleo_database.xlsx, 6.5 Mb)\n- Circular plots: Trees (basal area) - Ammarn\u00e4s and G\u00e5rdsj\u00f6n (04circular_plots_trees_basal_area-cleo_database.xlsx, 2.6 Mb)\n- Circular plots: Trees (small trees) - Ammarn\u00e4s and G\u00e5rdsj\u00f6n (05circular_plots_trees_small_trees-cleo_database.xlsx, 2.6 Mb)\n- Circular plots: Vegetation layers - Ammarn\u00e4s, Aneboda, G\u00e5rdsj\u00f6n, and Kindla (06circular_plots_vegetation_layers-cleo_database.xlsx, 6.0 Mb) \n- Intensive plots: Trees - Ammarn\u00e4s, Aneboda, G\u00e5rdsj\u00f6n, and Svartberget (07intensive_plots_trees-cleo_database.xlsx, 5.1 Mb) \n- Intensive plots: Understorey vegetation - Ammarn\u00e4s, Aneboda, G\u00e5rdsj\u00f6n, Kindla, and Svartberget (08intensive_plots_understorey_vegetation-cleo_database.xlsx, 6.2 Mb) \n- Forest damage - G\u00e5rdsj\u00f6n and Kindla (09forest_damage-cleo_database.xlsx, 3.3 Mb)\n- Tree cover on intensive plots - Aneboda, G\u00e5rdsj\u00f6n, and Kindla (10tree_cover_on_intensive_plots-cleo_database.xlsx, 5.5 Mb) \n- Epiphytes on tree trunks - Ammarn\u00e4s, G\u00e5rdsj\u00f6n, and Svartberget (11epiphytes_on_tree_trunks-cleo_database.xlsx, 66 kb) \n\n** 215_streams_and_rivers.zip (131 Mb)**\n- S-Hype modelled daily runoff for all sites (1990-2010) (runoff-s-hype-all-sites---database.xlsx, 70 MB) \n- Various monthly collected parameters for all sites (1990-2010) (water-chemistry-all-sites---database.xlsx, 5,4 MB) \n- PTHBV modelled daily temperature and precipitation for all sites (1990-2010) (precipitation-and-temperature-all-sites---database.xlsx, 62 MB) \n- Information regarding location, soil type, and land use; and some statistics from chemical, hydrological, and climatic variables for all sites (catchment-information---database.xlsx, 321 KB)\n- Map with location of all 215 sites within Sweden (overviewmap_sites215.jpg, 55 KB)", "identifier": [{"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.5878/x0z2-ht09"}, {"@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "principalRegistrationNumber", "propertyID": "https://www.rikstermbanken.se/termposter/1848/diarienummer", "value": "SLU.ma.2026.4.2.I\u00c4-2"}], "citation": [{"@type": "CreativeWork", "name": "Beven, K., & Davies, J. (2015). Velocities, celerities and the basin of attraction in catchment response. Hydrological Processes. 29(25), 5214\u20135226. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10699", "identifier": [{"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1002/hyp.10699"}, {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "URN", "value": "urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-276877"}]}, {"@type": "CreativeWork", "name": "Hytteborn, J. K., Temnerud, J., Alexander, R. B., Boyer, E. W., Futter, M. N., Fr\u00f6berg, M., Dahn\u00e9, J., & Bishop, K. H. (2015). Patterns and predictability in the intra-annual organic carbon variability across the boreal and hemiboreal landscape. Science of the Total Environment. 520, 260\u2013269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.041", "identifier": [{"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "URN", "value": "urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-234354"}, {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.041"}]}, {"@type": "CreativeWork", "name": "Temnerud, J. (2016). Modelling water, nutrients, and organic carbon in forested catchments: a HYPE application. Hydrological Processes. 30, 3252\u20133273. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10830", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1002/hyp.10830"}}], "conditionsOfAccess": ["http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/access-right/PUBLIC", "info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"], "contributor": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/020r6p262", "name": "IVL - Swedish Environmental Research Institute"}, "creativeWorkStatus": {"@type": "DefinedTerm", "name": "completed", "identifier": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/dataset-status/COMPLETED", "inDefinedTermSet": "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/dataset-status", "termCode": "COMPLETED"}, "creator": [{"@type": "Person", "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6088-6646", "name": "Johan Temnerud", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/02yy8x990", "name": "Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences", "department": {"@type": "Organization", "name": "Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment"}}, "familyName": "Temnerud", "givenName": "Johan"}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "L. Andersson", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/00hgzve81", "name": "SMHI - Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute"}, "familyName": "Andersson", "givenName": "L."}, {"@type": "Person", "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8314-0735", "name": "Berit Arheimer", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/00hgzve81", "name": "SMHI - Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute"}, "email": "berit.arheimer@smhi.se", "familyName": "Arheimer", "givenName": "Berit"}, {"@type": "Person", "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8057-1051", "name": "Kevin Bishop", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/02yy8x990", "name": "Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences", "department": {"@type": "Organization", "name": "Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment"}}, "email": "kevin.bishop@slu.se", "familyName": "Bishop", "givenName": "Kevin"}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Lage Bringmark", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/02yy8x990", "name": "Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences", "department": {"@type": "Organization", "name": "Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment"}}, "familyName": "Bringmark", "givenName": "Lage"}, {"@type": "Person", "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7451-6147", "name": "Lars Lundin", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/02yy8x990", "name": "Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences", "department": {"@type": "Organization", "name": "Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment"}}, "email": "lars.lundin@slu.se", "familyName": "Lundin", "givenName": "Lars"}, {"@type": "Person", "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7892-2708", "name": "Stefan L\u00f6fgren", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/02yy8x990", "name": "Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences", "department": {"@type": "Organization", "name": "Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment"}}, "email": "stefan.lofgren@slu.se", "familyName": "L\u00f6fgren", "givenName": "Stefan"}, {"@type": "Person", "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0425-852X", "name": "Filip Moldan", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/020r6p262", "name": "IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute"}, "email": "filip.moldan@ivl.se", "familyName": "Moldan", "givenName": "Filip"}, {"@type": "Person", "@id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3317-4192", "name": "Torbj\u00f6rn Nilsson", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/02yy8x990", "name": "Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences", "department": {"@type": "Organization", "name": "Department of Soil and Environment"}}, "email": "torbjorn.nilsson@slu.se", "familyName": "Nilsson", "givenName": "Torbj\u00f6rn"}], "dateModified": "2026-02-26", "datePublished": "2026-02-26", "funding": {"@type": "Grant", "funder": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/02y7nf053", "name": "Swedish Environmental Protection Agency"}}, "inLanguage": [{"@type": "Language", "@id": "http://lexvo.org/id/iso639-3/eng", "name": "English", "alternateName": "eng", "identifier": "eng"}, {"@type": "Language", "@id": "http://lexvo.org/id/iso639-3/swe", "name": "Swedish", "alternateName": "swe", "identifier": "swe"}], "isBasedOn": "https://www.slu.se/en/about-slu/organisation/departments/aquatic-sciences/environment/integrated-monitoring/", "isPartOf": "https://doi.org/10.5878/vp5s-0y68", "keywords": [{"@type": "DefinedTerm", "name": "Earth and Related Environmental Sciences", "termCode": "105"}, {"@type": "DefinedTerm", "name": "Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources", "termCode": "10509"}, {"@type": "DefinedTerm", "@id": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/environment", "name": "Environment", "description": "Environmental resources, protection and conservation.", "termCode": "environment"}, {"@type": "DefinedTerm", "@id": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/inlandWaters", "name": "Inland Waters", "description": "Inland water features, drainage systems and their characteristics.", "termCode": "inland-waters"}, {"@type": "DefinedTerm", "@id": "https://gcmd.nasa.gov/kms/concept/c84b61fe-720a-4240-b6c8-8dcc9ae24a36", "name": "WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS", "termCode": "c84b61fe-720a-4240-b6c8-8dcc9ae24a36"}, {"@type": "DefinedTerm", "@id": "https://gcmd.nasa.gov/kms/concept/1baa552d-c563-43fb-b618-54651f8b07e6", "name": "SURFACE WATER CHEMISTRY", "description": "Refers to the chemical composition of the surface water of rivers, lakes,\\nstreams, and reservoirs including water quality and contamination.", "termCode": "1baa552d-c563-43fb-b618-54651f8b07e6"}, {"@type": "DefinedTerm", "@id": "http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/21662", "name": "water chemistry", "termCode": "21662"}, {"@type": "DefinedTerm", "@id": "http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/21335", "name": "environmental monitoring", "description": "[ENVO] An process in which environmental parameters and variables are continually assayed.", "termCode": "21335"}, {"@type": "DefinedTerm", "@id": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme/hy", "name": "Hydrography", "description": "Hydrographic elements, including marine areas and all other water bodies and items related to them, including river basins and sub-basins. Where appropriate, according to the definitions set out in Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (2) and in the form of networks.", "termCode": "hy"}, {"@type": "DefinedTerm", "@id": "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7204", "name": "soil types", "termCode": "c_7204"}], "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "publisher": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/02yy8x990", "name": "Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences", "url": "http://www.slu.se/"}, "spatialCoverage": {"@type": "Place", "@id": "http://sws.geonames.org/2661886", "name": "Sweden"}, "temporalCoverage": "1977/2009", "distribution": [{"@type": "DataDownload", "name": "data/215_streams_and_rivers.zip", "additionalType": "data", "conditionsOfAccess": ["http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/access-right/PUBLIC", "info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"], "contentSize": "137852853", "contentUrl": "https://api.researchdata.se/dataset/2026-25/1/file/data?filePath=215_streams_and_rivers.zip"}, {"@type": "DataDownload", "name": "data/catchment_information.zip", "additionalType": "data", "conditionsOfAccess": ["http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/access-right/PUBLIC", "info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"], "contentSize": "1227645", "contentUrl": "https://api.researchdata.se/dataset/2026-25/1/file/data?filePath=catchment_information.zip"}, {"@type": "DataDownload", "name": "data/chemistry.zip", "additionalType": "data", "conditionsOfAccess": ["http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/access-right/PUBLIC", "info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"], "contentSize": "1350231", "contentUrl": "https://api.researchdata.se/dataset/2026-25/1/file/data?filePath=chemistry.zip"}, {"@type": "DataDownload", "name": "data/climate.zip", "additionalType": "data", "conditionsOfAccess": ["http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/access-right/PUBLIC", "info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"], "contentSize": "58818396", "contentUrl": "https://api.researchdata.se/dataset/2026-25/1/file/data?filePath=climate.zip"}, {"@type": "DataDownload", "name": "data/deposition.zip", "additionalType": "data", "conditionsOfAccess": ["http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/access-right/PUBLIC", "info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"], "contentSize": "525798", "contentUrl": "https://api.researchdata.se/dataset/2026-25/1/file/data?filePath=deposition.zip"}, {"@type": "DataDownload", "name": "data/hydrology.zip", "additionalType": "data", "conditionsOfAccess": ["http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/access-right/PUBLIC", "info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"], "contentSize": "561753", "contentUrl": "https://api.researchdata.se/dataset/2026-25/1/file/data?filePath=hydrology.zip"}, {"@type": "DataDownload", "name": "data/litterfall.zip", "additionalType": "data", "conditionsOfAccess": ["http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/access-right/PUBLIC", "info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"], "contentSize": "9790", "contentUrl": "https://api.researchdata.se/dataset/2026-25/1/file/data?filePath=litterfall.zip"}, {"@type": "DataDownload", "name": "data/soil.zip", "additionalType": "data", "conditionsOfAccess": ["http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/access-right/PUBLIC", "info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"], "contentSize": "2366797", "contentUrl": "https://api.researchdata.se/dataset/2026-25/1/file/data?filePath=soil.zip"}, {"@type": "DataDownload", "name": "data/vegetation.zip", "additionalType": "data", "conditionsOfAccess": ["http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/access-right/PUBLIC", "info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"], "contentSize": "41448561", "contentUrl": "https://api.researchdata.se/dataset/2026-25/1/file/data?filePath=vegetation.zip"}, {"@type": "DataDownload", "name": "documentation/information-to-data.pdf", "additionalType": "documentation", "conditionsOfAccess": ["http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/access-right/PUBLIC", "info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"], "contentSize": "304790", "contentUrl": "https://api.researchdata.se/dataset/2026-25/1/file/documentation?filePath=information-to-data.pdf"}, {"@type": "DataDownload", "name": "documentation/translation-table---database.xlsx", "additionalType": "documentation", "conditionsOfAccess": ["http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/access-right/PUBLIC", "info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"], "contentSize": "14792", "contentUrl": "https://api.researchdata.se/dataset/2026-25/1/file/documentation?filePath=translation-table---database.xlsx"}], "version": "1"}