{"@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Dataset", "@id": "https://doi.org/10.5878/5q25-8572", "name": "Data and code for \"Functionally rich crop rotations increase calorie and macronutrient outputs across Europe\"", "description": "This repository contains the data and scripts underlining the article Vico et al. \"Functionally rich crop rotations increase calorie and macronutrient outputs across Europe\", Nature Food, 2026.\nFor further information see the publication, https://www.nature.com/natfood/. \n\nWe used data of calorie and macronutrient (carbohydrate, protein, and fat) outputs from 16 long term experiments in Europe to ascertain how they are affected by crop rotational diversity, as measured by functional richness. \n\nThis repository includes a core dataset (macronutrients_wholerot.csv), comprising whole rotation calorie and macronutrient outputs for each year, rotation, replicate/other treatment for 13 of the 16 sites used in the analyses. We do not have permission to share data at a similar level of detail for the remaining three sites: for these, we provide whole rotation calorie and macronutrient outputs for each year and rotation, averaged over the different replicates/other treatments, along with the standard deviation and number of observations included in the averaging (macronutreints_wholerotaggr.csv). Information on the experiment location, period covered, rotations included and other treatments is available Table S1 in the Supplementary Information to Vico et al. \nCalorie and macronutrient outputs for each year are the sum of those provided by all the crops in the rotation, weighed based on the rotation length. In other words, these calorie and macronutrient outputs are those produced by a one ha farm, where all the crops in the rotation are grown on areas proportional to their frequency in the rotation. For each crop, we selected a common retail product (e.g., flour for each cereal) and used its nutritional value to transform the observed marketable yield into calorie and macronutrient outputs. We considered three scenarios of use for forage crops - for milk, beef or biofuel production. \nAs a result, the dataset contains information on the site (name, code) and, for each year, group and rotation, information on the rotation (sequence of crops, functional richness, inclusion of cereals, legumes, leys and/or broadleaves, fertilization regime), and outputs in calories (Gcal/ha/yr) and macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats; kg/ha/yr) when forage crops are used for milk (M), beef (B) or biofuel (F) production. \nPrimary crop yield data can be made available upon reasonable requests and for specific purposes. \n\nWe include also the R code for analyzing the calorie and macronutrient outputs for each year, rotation and replicate/other treatment and produce the results incorporated in the article.", "identifier": [{"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.5878/5q25-8572"}, {"@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "principalRegistrationNumber", "propertyID": "https://www.rikstermbanken.se/termposter/1848/diarienummer", "value": "SLU.ekol.2025.4.2.I\u00c4-8"}], "citation": {"@type": "CreativeWork", "name": "Vico G, Costa A, Smith ME, Bowles T, Gaudin ACM, Watson CA, Baldoni G, Berti A, Blecharczyk A, Jonczyk K, Mazzon M, Marzadori C, Morari F, Onofri A, Tenorio Pasam\u00f3n JT, Sandstr\u00f6m B, Sant\u00edn-Montany\u00e1 I, Sawinska Z, Stalenga J, Tei F, Topp CFE, Walker RL, Bommarco R (2026), Functionally rich crop rotations increase calorie and macronutrient outputs across Europe, Nature Food"}, "conditionsOfAccess": ["http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/access-right/PUBLIC", "info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"], "contributor": [{"@type": "Person", "name": "Alessio Costa", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/02yy8x990", "name": "Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences"}, "familyName": "Costa", "givenName": "Alessio"}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Monique E Smith", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/02yy8x990", "name": "Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences"}, "familyName": "Smith", "givenName": "Monique E"}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Timothy Bowles", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/01an7q238", "name": "University of California, Berkeley"}, "familyName": "Bowles", "givenName": "Timothy"}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Amelie CM Gaudin", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/05rrcem69", "name": "University of California, Davis"}, "familyName": "Gaudin", "givenName": "Amelie CM"}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Christine A Watson", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/044e2ja82", "name": "Scotland's Rural College"}, "familyName": "Watson", "givenName": "Christine A"}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Guido Baldoni", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/01111rn36", "name": "University of Bologna"}, "familyName": "Baldoni", "givenName": "Guido"}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Antonio Berti", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/00240q980", "name": "University of Padua"}, "familyName": "Berti", "givenName": "Antonio"}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Andrzej Blecharczyk", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/03tth1e03", "name": "University of Life Sciences in Pozna\u0144"}, "familyName": "Blecharczyk", "givenName": "Andrzej"}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Krzysztof Jonczyk", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "name": "Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute"}, "familyName": "Jonczyk", "givenName": "Krzysztof"}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Martina Mazzon", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/01111rn36", "name": "University of Bologna"}, "familyName": "Mazzon", "givenName": "Martina"}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Claudio Marzadori", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/01111rn36", "name": "University of Bologna"}, "familyName": "Marzadori", "givenName": "Claudio"}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Francesco Morari", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/00240q980", "name": "University of Padua"}, "familyName": "Morari", "givenName": "Francesco"}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Lorenzo Negri", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/01111rn36", "name": "University of Bologna"}, "familyName": "Negri", "givenName": "Lorenzo"}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Andrea Onofri", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/00x27da85", "name": "University of Perugia"}, "familyName": "Onofri", "givenName": "Andrea"}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Jos\u00e9 Luis Tenorio Pasam\u00f3n", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "name": "Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Agraria y Alimentaria, INIA-CSIC"}, "familyName": "Tenorio Pasam\u00f3n", "givenName": "Jos\u00e9 Luis"}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Boel Sandstr\u00f6m", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/02yy8x990", "name": "Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences"}, "familyName": "Sandstr\u00f6m", "givenName": "Boel"}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "In\u00e9s Sant\u00edn-Montany\u00e1", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "name": "Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Agraria y Alimentaria, INIA-CSIC"}, "familyName": "Sant\u00edn-Montany\u00e1", "givenName": "In\u00e9s"}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Zuzanna Sawinska", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://ror.org/03tth1e03", "name": "University of Life Sciences in Pozna\u0144"}, "familyName": "Sawinska", "givenName": "Zuzanna"}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Jaros\u0142aw Stalenga", "affiliation": {"@type": "Organization", "name": "Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - 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