Data and code for "Functionally rich crop rotations increase calorie and macronutrient outputs across Europe"

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorGiulia Vico
dc.contributor.otherAlessio Costa
dc.contributor.otherMonique E Smith
dc.contributor.otherTimothy Bowles
dc.contributor.otherAmelie CM Gaudin
dc.contributor.otherChristine A Watson
dc.contributor.otherGuido Baldoni
dc.contributor.otherAntonio Berti
dc.contributor.otherAndrzej Blecharczyk
dc.contributor.otherKrzysztof Jonczyk
dc.contributor.otherMartina Mazzon
dc.contributor.otherClaudio Marzadori
dc.contributor.otherFrancesco Morari
dc.contributor.otherLorenzo Negri
dc.contributor.otherAndrea Onofri
dc.contributor.otherJosé Luis Tenorio Pasamón
dc.contributor.otherBoel Sandström
dc.contributor.otherInés Santín-Montanyá
dc.contributor.otherZuzanna Sawinska
dc.contributor.otherJarosław Stalenga
dc.contributor.otherFrancesco Tei
dc.contributor.otherCairistiona FE Topp
dc.contributor.otherRobin L Walker
dc.contributor.otherRiccardo Bommarco
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-05T11:00:28Z
dc.date.available2026-01-05T11:00:28Z
dc.date.issued2025-12-01
dc.descriptionThis repository contains the data and scripts underlining the article Vico et al. "Functionally rich crop rotations increase calorie and macronutrient outputs across Europe", Nature Food, 2026. For further information see the publication, https://www.nature.com/natfood/. We used data of calorie and macronutrient (carbohydrate, protein, and fat) outputs from 16 long term experiments in Europe to ascertain how they are affected by crop rotational diversity, as measured by functional richness. This repository includes a core dataset (macronutrients_wholerot.csv), comprising whole rotation calorie and macronutrient outputs for each year, rotation, replicate/other treatment for 13 of the 16 sites used in the analyses. We do not have permission to share data at a similar level of detail for the remaining three sites: for these, we provide whole rotation calorie and macronutrient outputs for each year and rotation, averaged over the different replicates/other treatments, along with the standard deviation and number of observations included in the averaging (macronutreints_wholerotaggr.csv). Information on the experiment location, period covered, rotations included and other treatments is available Table S1 in the Supplementary Information to Vico et al. Calorie and macronutrient outputs for each year are the sum of those provided by all the crops in the rotation, weighed based on the rotation length. In other words, these calorie and macronutrient outputs are those produced by a one ha farm, where all the crops in the rotation are grown on areas proportional to their frequency in the rotation. For each crop, we selected a common retail product (e.g., flour for each cereal) and used its nutritional value to transform the observed marketable yield into calorie and macronutrient outputs. We considered three scenarios of use for forage crops - for milk, beef or biofuel production. As a result, the dataset contains information on the site (name, code) and, for each year, group and rotation, information on the rotation (sequence of crops, functional richness, inclusion of cereals, legumes, leys and/or broadleaves, fertilization regime), and outputs in calories (Gcal/ha/yr) and macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats; kg/ha/yr) when forage crops are used for milk (M), beef (B) or biofuel (F) production. Primary crop yield data can be made available upon reasonable requests and for specific purposes. We include also the R code for analyzing the calorie and macronutrient outputs for each year, rotation and replicate/other treatment and produce the results incorporated in the article.
dc.description.sponsorshipSwedish Research Council for Sustainable Development FORMAS
dc.description.sponsorshipSwedish Research Council for Sustainable Development FORMAS
dc.description.sponsorshipScottish Government RESAS Strategic Research Programme
dc.description.sponsorshipSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences
dc.description.sponsorshipSpanish National Research Council
dc.description.sponsorshipPolish Ministry of Education and Science
dc.description.sponsorshipLawes Agricultural Trust and Rothamsted Research
dc.description.sponsorshipUK BBSRC Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
dc.identifier.govdocSLU.ekol.2025.4.2.IÄ-8
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.5878/5q25-8572
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.5878/mbng-5g71
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12703/7301
dc.languageotheren_EN
dc.publisherSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', 'name': 'Ecology', 'description': 'Including: Biodiversity Conservation', 'termCode': '10611'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', 'name': 'Agricultural Science', 'description': 'Including: Plant Genetics, Agricultural Ecology, Agricultural Technology, Agricultural History', 'termCode': '40101'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', '@id': 'http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/1159', 'name': 'carbohydrate', 'description': 'Any of the group of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, including sugars, starches and celluloses.', 'termCode': '1159'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', '@id': 'http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/12011', 'name': 'biofuel', 'description': 'A gaseous, liquid, or solid fuel that contains an energy content derived from a biological source. The organic matter that makes up living organisms provides a potential source of trapped energy that is beginning to be exploited to supply the ever-increasing energy demand around the world. An example of a biofuel is rapeseed oil, which can be used in place of diesel fuel in modified engines. The methyl ester of this oil, rapeseed methyl ester (RME), can be used in unmodified diesel engines and is sometimes known as biodiesel. Other biofuels include biogas and gasohol.', 'termCode': '12011'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', '@id': 'http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/4838', 'name': 'lipid', 'description': 'One of a class of compounds which contain long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives, such as fatty acids, alcohols, amines, amino alcohols, and aldehydes; includes waxes, fats, and derived compounds.', 'termCode': '4838'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', '@id': 'http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/6755', 'name': 'protein', 'description': 'Any of a class of high-molecular weight polymer compounds composed of a variety of alfa-amino acids joined by peptide linkages.', 'termCode': '6755'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', '@id': 'http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_861', 'name': 'beef', 'termCode': 'c_861'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', '@id': 'http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4255', 'name': 'legumes', 'termCode': 'c_4255'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', '@id': 'http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36108', 'name': 'forage', 'termCode': 'c_36108'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', '@id': 'http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5328', 'name': 'oil crops', 'termCode': 'c_5328'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', '@id': 'http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6641', 'name': 'root crops', 'termCode': 'c_6641'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', '@id': 'http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10176', 'name': 'crop yield', 'termCode': 'c_10176'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', '@id': 'http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4829', 'name': 'milk production', 'termCode': 'c_4829'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', '@id': 'http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2724', 'name': 'europe', 'termCode': 'c_2724'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', '@id': 'http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6055', 'name': 'poland', 'termCode': 'c_6055'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', '@id': 'http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8068', 'name': 'united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland', 'termCode': 'c_8068'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', '@id': 'http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4026', 'name': 'italy', 'termCode': 'c_4026'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', '@id': 'http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7549', 'name': 'sweden', 'termCode': 'c_7549'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', '@id': 'http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7273', 'name': 'spain', 'termCode': 'c_7273'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', '@id': 'http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16189', 'name': 'leys', 'termCode': 'c_16189'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', '@id': 'http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6662', 'name': 'crop rotation', 'termCode': 'c_6662'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', '@id': 'http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_25512', 'name': 'cereal crops', 'termCode': 'c_25512'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', '@id': 'http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4f8733aa', 'name': 'long-term experiments', 'termCode': 'c_4f8733aa'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', '@id': 'http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5dbd59ad', 'name': 'macronutrients', 'termCode': 'c_5dbd59ad'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', 'name': 'food calorie'}
dc.subject{'@type': 'DefinedTerm', 'name': 'crop rotational diversity'}
dc.titleData and code for "Functionally rich crop rotations increase calorie and macronutrient outputs across Europe"
dc.typeDatasetsv_SE
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
Thumbnail Image
Name:
2025-225-1.zip
Size:
2.85 MB
Format:
Unknown data format
Description:
Download
Thumbnail Image
Name:
2025-225-json_ld_2026-01-01.json
Size:
18.07 KB
Format:
Unknown data format
Description:
Download
Collections
Data and code for “Functionally rich crop rotations increase calorie and macronutrient outputs across Europe“